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 THE
FIRST SETTLERS
CHILOTES.
Still(Yet) there is no
agreement on the theory of
the
poblamiento of these
islands. Some authors raise
an origin
polinésico and others,
Mongolian. Also the origin
is supported from the
continent, of the former
Chilean aborigens.
As(according to)
ésto,
the
huilliches, " men of
the south ", in language
Mapuche, are the original
ones of these regions. But
also is supported that the
huilliches would be
one of so many immigrant
groups of the archipelago,
together with the
chonos or
"payos" and the
cuncos. Neither is
descartable the
thesis of the immigrations
of the
polinésicos, who
would have
influído in the
racial conformation of the
chilotes.
Being excellent sailors they
could navigate extensive
authorities of thousands of
kilometres, from the channel
of the
Chacao up to the
channel of the
Beagle or from the
Gulf of Sorrow(Sentences) to
the Island
Navarino.
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In a sea of still
not solved mysteries,
it seems to be clear
that the original
chilotes took
contact with the
cuncos,
huilliches,
Araucanian and then
with the Spanish.
In wardrobe they
were using the
hand telar
using wool of sheep.
They were decorating
his(her,your) suits
with showy
pens(feathers). In
mass media they were
using the
"dalca",
species(kind) of
lighter constructed
with from three to
five planks with
those who were
practising a
species(kind) of
virtuosity navigator
and an intrepidity
that amazed the
Spanish. They were
moving to and from
without never moving
back before the
embates of
these so changeable
seas. Stimulating
the
dalca with
four or six
couples(par) of oars.
They were
cultivating the
field with ploughs
obtaining dads,
maize(corn), keno
and handles (species(kind)
of barley).
In his(her,your)
diet they were
combining these
vegetables with a
great variety of
fished and seafood.
All his(her,your)
food was eating
stews. For the
seafood they were
using of the
"curanto",
cooking in hole with
warmed stones. To
guard they were
drying and smoking
the fish. |
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DISCOVERY AND
CONQUEST
After the discovery
of America for Colon
in 1492, there
begins on the part
of the big powers of
the epoch a fever of
discoveries and
conquests. In 1520
Hernando of Magellan
discovers the strait
that takes
his(her,your) name.
Then, in 1540, in
trip to Peru, Alonso
de Camargo manages
to sight
Chiloé's
coasts. Years later,
the conqueror of
Chile, don Pedro de
Valdivia, in order
to obtain
geographical
information to
improve the
navegabilidad
of the ships that
were coming from
Spain, organized an
expedition to
explore the austral
seas up to the
Strait of Magellan.
Valdivia
delivered the
control of this
expedition to the
captain Francisco de
Ulloa, which comes
to the channel of
the
Chacao in
1553, continuing
towards Magellan's
strait. Of return
it(he,she) crosses
the islands of the
archipelago. Of
there it(he,she) is
that she is
considered to be the
first discoverer of
Chiloé.
Juan Fernandez
Ladrillero was
entrusted by the
Governor of Chile,
García Hurtado of
Mendoza for the
conquest of new
lands for the
Spanish wreath
towards the Strait
of Magellan.
In September, 1558,
Juan Fernandez
enters to
Chiloé's
channels, there
it(he,she) takes
contact with the
aborigines. Parallel
to these facts,
García Hurtado of
Mendoza initiates
another expedition
that crosses the
channel of the
Chacao on
February 28, 1558,
taking possession of
these islands for
the Spanish wreath.
In this expedition
there was going
Alonso de Ercilla
and
Zúñiga,
author of " The
Araucanian one ",
epic poem that
narrates the
Conquest and
Arauco's War,
which wrote on these
islands:
" It was a broad
archipelago filled
with innumerable
delightful islands,
crossing for one and
another side
gondolas and hasty
piraguas sailor
never driven to
despair in the
middle of the waves
fluctuosas
with so much
pleasure saw the
neighboring(similar)
port as us the
opened way ".
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THE INDEPENDENCE:
The revolutionary movement
that began to be in
preparation in Chile slipped
by in
Chiloé. In fact, in
1813 the realists could
recruit men and supply to
fight against the
continental patriots. Once
defeated the realists in
Chile for the patriots,
these initiated
Chiloé's liberation
at the expense of Lord
Cochrane who was defeated by
the Spanish. Then the same
Ramon Freire, The Supreme
Director of the Republic,
restarts the preparations
for the definitive defeat of
the Spanish. After a series
of skirmishes and you battle
very
reñidas, the Chilean
troops get swamped and must
move back(retire).
Immediately there happen a
series of negotiations that
do not lead anything. After
a prepared well campaign and
only in 1826 one proceeds to
the oath of the agreement of
Chiloé's Independence
and to the annexation to the
republic of Chile.
AT PRESENT:
During decades his(her,your)
situation of stagnation
conspired against
his(her,your)
mantención as
people(village). Today, and
with the model imposed in
the whole Chile,
Chiloé has
experienced new changes in
his(her,your) systems of
life and economy. New
companies of
acuicultura, as the
salmoneras, have
brought benefits and also
problems for the islanders.
Very delicate ecosystems
have altered. The duality of
the development with
his(her,your) positive and
negative aspects has
throbbed loudly in
Chiloé, but as well
as this epoch can hit with
the systems before
established, the archipelago
is the sufficiently flexible
thing as(like) to assimilate
changes and to purify
his(her,your) contradictions
and to integrate(repay)
everything positive that
these could contribute and,
eliminate, across a joint
work of the whole community,
those that they are harmful.
The
chilotes constitute a
strong and hard-working
people(village) that has
resisted the
embates of successive
invasions, resistance that
far from be walling has
could include the
better(best) of the external
influences as part(report)
of the being himself of the
islander, supporting in high
place the deep sense of the
freedom typical of the
chilote and
his(her,your) cultural, so
rich and so varied
traditions.
The optimism and the
fé
in an every time better
future, characterize the
mentality of the
chilotes. The great
adventure of the seas and
the channels, the broad and
abrupt landscapes, the
natural disasters that there
erase(smear) of a
plumada million of
years of work of the nature
and the men, the sense of
the freedom and the defense
of his(her,your) traditions,
are basic elements to
understand this hospitable
and brave, maritime and
rural people(village),
solidary(joint) people and
of traditions. |
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